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http://www.amateursnapper.com/photography/10-top-photography-composition-rules
The only rule in photography is that there are
no rules. However, there are
many
composition guidelines which can be applied in almost any situation, to
enhance the impact of a scene. Below are ten of the most popular and most widely
respected composition 'rules'.
Rule of Thirds
Imagine that your image is divided into nine equal segments by two vertical and two
horizontal lines. Try to position the most
important elements in your scene along these lines,
or at the points where they intersect. Doing so will add balance and interest to your photo.
Some cameras even offer an option to superimpose a rule of thirds grid over the LCD screen,
making it even easier to use.
The most important elements (the horizon and the haystack)
are placed on or around the lines and points of intersection
Balancing Elements
Placing your main subject
off-centre, as with the rule of thirds, creates a more
interesting photo, but it can leave a void in the scene which can make it feel empty. You
should balance the 'weight' of your subject by including another object of lesser
importance to fill the space.
The figure in this scene is balanced by the rocks in the foreground.
Leading Lines
When we look at a photo our eye is naturally
drawn along lines. By thinking about how
you place lines in your composition, you can affect the way we view the image, pulling us
into the picture, towards the subject, or on a journey 'through' the scene. There are many
different types of line - straight, diagonal, curvy, zigzag, radial etc - and each can be used
to enhance our photo's composition.
The line of the chain leads the eye into the scene towards the boat.
Symmetry and Patterns
We are surrounded by symmetry and patterns, both natural and man-made, and they
can make for very eye-catching compositions, particularly in situations where they are not
expected. Another great way to use them is to break the symmetry or pattern in some
way, introducing tension and a focal point to the scene.
The symmetry of this scene is broken by the uneven staircase and the closed curtain.
Viewpoint
Before photographing your subject, take time to think about where you will shoot it
from. Our viewpoint has a massive impact on the composition of our photo, and as a
result it can greatly affect the message that the shot conveys. Rather than just shooting
from eye level, consider photographing from high above, down at ground level, from the
side, from the back, from a long way away, from very close up, and so on.